This chapter describes the principles of periodontal surgery. This chapter covers the indications of periodontal surgery, contraindications of periodontal surgery, objectives of periodontal surgery, general principles of surgery, and hospital periodontal surgery. The objectives of periodontal surgery is to gain access to the root surface and alveolar bone, which in turn enhances the visibility, increases the efficacy of scaling and root planing procedures, modification of osseous defects, repair and regeneration of the periodontium, pocket reduction, and provide acceptable soft tissue contours. The periodontal dressings that are placed on the surgical area have no curative properties; but they help in protecting the tissue and thereby assist in healing.