Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view samples and objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). This chapter covers the history of optical microscope, basic terminology in microscopy, parts of microscope, care of microscope, and types of microscopy. The first powerful magnifier was probably made by Anthony Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) while working with magnifying glasses in a dry goods store. Types of microscopy are bright field microscopy, dark field microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, confocal scanning optical microscopy, deconvolution microscopy and image reconstruction, and polarization light microscopy briefly discussed in this chapter. In this chapter, questions for exercise and objective type questions are also provided.