The female genital system consists of vulva, vagina, uterine cervix, uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes. The lower portion of the uterus is uterine cervix and it communicates with the uterine cavity through internal os and with the vagina through external os. The portion of cervix, which is exposed to the vagina is known as ectocervix and is lined by stratified squamous epithelium. The body of the uterus consists of lining endometrium and outer wall composed of myometrium. Gestational trophoblastic disease consists of tumors and tumor-like lesions characterized by proliferation of placental tissue. The lesions are—hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, and choriocarcinoma. Each female has two ovaries, each measuring 3 cm in length and 2 cm in breadth. Cut section of the ovary shows outer cortex and inner medulla. Microscopically, ovaries are covered by celomic epithelium. Nine well-labeled figures are also presented in this chapter, which are very helpful for the students and readers.