Except in mitral valve disease, left atrial (LA) enlargement is an indication of the disease of left ventricle. Presence of LA enlargement is a predictor of future cardiovascular events. In the era of M-mode echocardiography, the LA size assessment was based on anteroposterior diameter obtained from the parasternal window. Three methods of assessment of LA volume by two-dimensional echocardiography are area length method (AL), modified Simpson method (MS), and Prolate ellipse method (PE). Right atrial (RA) volume studies are fewer in number and clinical correlations are not forthcoming. The assessment of RA volume is done from apical four-chamber view. Recent data has provided the normal values for RA volumes for men and women.