Infective endocarditis (IE) is primarily an infection of endocardium of the cardiac valves and congenital defects. But it can involve any cardiac structure including prosthetic valves and implanted devices and rarely the endothelium of vascular tree—infective endarteritis. IE can also affect the chordae tendinae or the walls of the cardiac chambers or the great arteries, paraprosthetic tissue or the attachment of implanted conduits or homografts. This chapter covers the incidence of infective endocarditis, epidemiology, diagnosis of infective endocarditis, culture-negative endocarditis, future perspectives in the molecular diagnosis of infective endocarditis, vegetation, three-dimensional echocardiography, complications of infective endocarditis, other complications, indications for surgery in infective endocarditis, echocardiography in specific clinical situations of infective endocarditis, cardiac device-related infective endocarditis, and limitations of echocardiography in infective endocarditis.