This chapter discusses the teeth, jaws and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and describes the areas that have are necessary to examine to correct diagnose any ailments. It suggests that the examiner should remove any debris from the teeth before attempting to examine them. The tonsillar area and oropharynx must be inspected by use of a tongue depressor. It also discusses the diseases associated with the teeth, jaws and temporomandibular joint, such as dental abscess, epulis, odontogenic keratocyst, dentigerous cyst, the Paget’s disease, osteoarthritis of the TMJ and ankyloses. It also gives an overview of the way the local examination and differential diagnosis should be done on these three important parts of the upper body to find the correct causes of the ailments. Clinical features of a diseases, in this regard, is an important way to detect and diagnose it correctly. Myofascial pain is a regional pain, usually dull and achy with the presence of localized tenderness in firm bands of muscle, tendons and/or fascia that reproduce pain when palpated and may produce a characteristic pattern of regional referred pain and/or autonomic symptoms on provocation. Patients may complain of muscle stiffness, acute malocclusion, ear symptoms, tinnitus, vertigo, toothache, tension-type headache and masticatory muscles involvement.