Hands and foots are the primary organs to examine any patient, and so this chapter gives an overview of the various types of ailments associated with these organs and the processes to examine them. The muscles of the hands include the intrinsic or short muscles of the hand or extrinsic or long flexors and extensors of the hand that originate in the forearm. The chapter suggests examination of all motor functions of the three — radial, median and ulnar — nerves in the arm, forearm and hand. The chapter discusses diseases associated with hands, such as lymphangitis and cellulitis, and different foot-related ailments such as infections of various types, ulcers, subungual exostosis, osteochondroma and enchondroma. Onychomycosis of foot is a type of fungal infection, is frequently accompanied by thickening of the nails, which then cannot be easily trimmed and may cause pain while wearing shoes. This disease is often accompanied by a secondary bacterial infection. Metatarsalgia is another disease, the primary symptom of which is pain about the distal end of the foot, especially at the metatarsophalangeal joints.