Transesophageal Echocardiography of Congenital Heart Diseases

by Poonam Malhotra Kapoor, Sarvesh Pal Singh

The book Transesophageal Echocardiography of Congenital Heart Diseases is an advanced reference textbook on the diagnostic utility of echocardiography in clinical practice. Systematic transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination should be considered for diagnoses and understanding of various structural defects along with their relationship to different intracardiac structures is important. TEE guided intervention are for placement of ASD or VSD occlusion device, balloon atrial septostomy, etc. Dimensions of chambers and vessels of congenital heart are compared with standard values while performing TEE. Several measurements on different cardiac cycles are taken and their average value is considered. TEE provides high-resolution images of the abnormal cardiovascular anatomy and function. Different views in different planes can be obtained to get anatomical information and various pathologies related to heart. TEE is performed for atrial septal-, ventricular septal-, atrioventricular septal defect. It is also executed for various congenital disorders such as pulmonary stenosis, double-chambered right ventricle, patent ductus arteriosus, aortic coarctation, tetralogy of fallot and double-outlet right ventricle. In addition, transposition of great arteries, congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries, Ebstein’s anomaly, the double-inlet left ventricle, univentricular heart, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, the left superior vena cava, pulmonary arterial hypertension, Eisenmenger’s syndrome, patent foramen ovale and tricuspid atresia is discussed. Echocardiography and right sided cardiac catheterisation should be interpreted in congenital heart disease to increase the likelihood of a correct diagnosis. Preoperative and postoperative assessments of each abnormality are discussed.

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