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Chapter-11 Lipids–III: Cholesterol, Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Diseases

BOOK TITLE: Textbook of Biochemistry for Dental Students

Author
1. Vasudevan DM
2. S Sreekumari
3. Vaidyanathan Kannan
ISBN
9789350254882
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11333_11
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
11
Author Affiliations
1. Faculty of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, (Amrita University), Kochi, Kerala, Formerly Principal, College of Medicine, Amrita, Kerala; Formerly, Dean, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Deemed University), Cochin, Kerala, E-mail: dmvasudevan@aims.amrita.edu, PG Programs and Research College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India; Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
2. Jubilee Mission Medical College, Trissur, Kerala, Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, Government Medical College, Thrissur and Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
3. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India, Believers Church Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Cholesterol is a useful substance; bile salts, and steroid hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone) are produced from cholesterol. Cholesterol contains perhydro cyclopentano phenanthrene ring. Cholesterol has 27-carbon atoms. Cholesterol is synthesized from acetyl-CoA. The rate limiting enzyme is HMG CoA reductase. Excretion of cholesterol is through bile; either as cholesterol as such, or as bile salts. In the blood, lipoproteins are chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, and HDL. These are separated either by electrophoresis or by ultracentrifugation. Chylomicrons carry dietary triglycerides from intestines to liver and adipose tissue. VLDL carry endogenously produced triglycerides from liver to peripheral tissues. LDL carries triglycerides and cholesterol from liver to peripheral tissues. Since the cholesterol is deposited in tissues, LDL cholesterol is said to be bad cholesterol. HDL carries cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver, and is later excreted. Hence HDL cholesterol is said to be good cholesterol. For this excretion PUFA is required. The enzyme LCAT helps in this reaction. To prevent atherosclerosis and heart diseases, the aim is to reduce total cholesterol below 180 mg/dl; to decrease LDL-cholesterol below 130 mg/dl and to keep HDL-cholesterol above 35 mg/dl.

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