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Chapter-68 Management of Juvenile Diabetic Retinopathy

BOOK TITLE: Surgical Techniques in Ophthalmology (Pediatric Ophthalmic Surgery)

Author
1. Garg Ashok
2. Vohra Rajpal
ISBN
9789350251485
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11282_68
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
15
Author Affiliations
1. Garg Eye Institute and Research Center, 235-Model Town, Dabra Chowk, Hisar, India, Garg Eye Institute and Research Centre, Hissar, Haryana, India, Garg Eye Institute and Research Centre, 235, Model Town, Dabra Chowk, Hisar-125005, India, Jaipur Heart Institute, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Garg Eye Institute and Research Centre, 235-Model Town, Dabra Chowk Hisar-125005, Haryana, India, 235, Model Town, Dabra Chowk, Hisar, Haryana, India, Garg Eye Institute and Research Centre, Hisar, India, Garg Eye Institute and Research Centre, Model Town, Dabra Chowk, Hisar, India, President, Intraocular Implant and Refractive Society of India[IIRSI], Garg Eye Hospital, 235, Model Town, Dabra Chowk, Hisar, Haryana, India, Garg Eye Institute and Research Centre, Dabra Chowk, Hisar, Haryana, India, Garg Eye Institute and Research Centre, 235 Model Town, Dabra Chowk, Hisar-125005, Haryana, India, Garg Eye Institute and Research Centre, 235 Model Town, Dabra Chowk, Hisar, Haryana, India, Garg Eye Institute and Research Centre, 23
2. Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India, Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic, Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad for Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

The dacryostenosis corresponds to the obstruction of the lacrimal pathway, being the congenital form, the most frequent presentation of it. Approximately, 90% of the patients with this pathology presets spontaneous resolution at one year of age. The formation of the lacrimal pathway starts at the sixth week of intrauterine life through the surface ectoderm and end with the canalization of the ducts, a failure in this process pleads to obstruction anywhere within the pathway. The obstructions are very frequent at the level of the nasal mucous. When the lacrimal pathway is obstructed, the tears accumulate at the ocular surface causing epiphora. This leads to bacteria overgrowth causing acute conjunctivitis and causing even an acute dacryocystitis. The main clinical manifestation is the epiphora and happens when the lid is unable to contain the excess. There is an increase in the tear at the margin lid and alteration of the skin occurs.The diagnosis must be bases upon the classical clinical features. The compression to the lacrimal sac can produce reflux of tear, mucous secretion or even purulent secretion. This signs is of great clinical value because it can help to differentiate some other causes of epiphora. The medical treatment is conservative and has the objective to keep hygienic measures to maintain the eye uninfected. It is also mandatory to avoid the infection of the lacrimal sac, so a soft massage is also helpful. The use of topical antibiotics is indicated only in cases of infection. Lacrimal probing is done, if this fails, then the intubation of the lacrimal pathway is indicated. Dacryocystorhinostomy can also be done. Laser Assisted Dacryocystorhinostomy is also used now days. The majority of the congenital lacrimal obstructions are solved in a spontaneous mode in the early months of life. With the surgical procedures obstructive disease of the lacrimal pathway has a favorable prognosis.

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