Strabismus is a disease characterizing by the eyes misalignment. Strabismus is present in 2 to 5% of children, being an important cause of both visual and psychological problems. There are five types of strabismus: pseudostrabismus, heterophoria (latent strabismus), heterotropia (concomitant strabismus), paralytic strabismus (incomitant strabismus), and strabismus syndromes. Pseudostrabismus is a condition, which only simulates squint. It is present, when the visual axis is different then the optic axis. Disturbance of extraocular muscles is called heterophoria. Types of heterophoria, dependent on the direction of eye misalignment, it can be esophoria, exophoria, hyperphoria, hypophoria, incyclophoria, excyclophoria. Heterotropia may appear at any age of the child. It is characterized by the preserved eye mobility in all directions of gaze. Heterotropia may be alternating or unilateral, constant or intermittent with the constant or variable angle of strabismus, and depending on the direction of deviation: esotropia, exotropia, hypertropia, hypotropia, oblique muscle dysfunction, A-pattern strabismus, V-pattern strabismus. Treatment of strabismus begins with the evaluation of refraction error and prescription of the appropriate spectacles or contact lenses. Management is through penalization method, pleoptic exercises. Binocular vision may be improved with the aid of orthoptic training. Injection of botulinum toxin is quick and safe for patient. Surgery frequently reduces abnormal head posture and improves patient’s esthetic appearance. In the majority of cases, the objective of surgery is reduction of the constant static angle of strabismus with the aid of classic surgical techniques. Children after strabismus surgical treatment are given antibiotic eye ointment and dressing is applied for 12 to 24 hours. Patients should be carefully followed-up for the first postoperative weeks to be assured that the infection or recurrent strabismus did not develop.