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Chapter-43 Recombinant DNA Technology and Gene Therapy

BOOK TITLE: Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students

Author
1. Vasudevan DM
2. S Sreekumari
3. Vaidyanathan Kannan
ISBN
9789350250167
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11359_43
Edition
6/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
8
Author Affiliations
1. Faculty of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, (Amrita University), Kochi, Kerala, Formerly Principal, College of Medicine, Amrita, Kerala; Formerly, Dean, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Deemed University), Cochin, Kerala, E-mail: dmvasudevan@aims.amrita.edu, PG Programs and Research College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India; Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
2. Jubilee Mission Medical College, Trissur, Kerala, Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, Government Medical College, Thrissur and Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
3. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India, Believers Church Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Genetic recombination involves the exchange of information between two segments of DNA. When a gene of one species is transferred into another under laboratory conditions, the technique is called Recombinant DNA technology or Genetic engineering. Restriction endonucleases (RE), also known as ‘molecular scissors’ cut at sequences which are palindromes. Each RE is characterized by a specific ‘restriction site’. Plasmids are commonly used vectors. They provide antibiotic resistance to their host bacteria. This property is used as a marker in genetic engineering. A vector carrying a foreign DNA is called ‘Chimeric DNA’. The process of introducing a plasmid into a host is called Transfection. Gene therapy involves the delivering genes to generate a therapeutic effect by correcting an existing abnormality. Introducing genes involves 3 ways of applying gene carrying vectors, ex vivo, in situ and in vivo. Retroviruses, Adenoviruses and Herpes simplex viruses have been used carrier systems in human gene studies. Diseases for which gene therapy has been attempted are severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD), cystic fibrosis, hemophilia.

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