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Chapter-36 Energy Metabolism and Nutrition

BOOK TITLE: Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students

Author
1. Vasudevan DM
2. S Sreekumari
3. Vaidyanathan Kannan
ISBN
9789350250167
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11359_36
Edition
6/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
14
Author Affiliations
1. Faculty of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, (Amrita University), Kochi, Kerala, Formerly Principal, College of Medicine, Amrita, Kerala; Formerly, Dean, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Deemed University), Cochin, Kerala, E-mail: dmvasudevan@aims.amrita.edu, PG Programs and Research College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India; Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
2. Jubilee Mission Medical College, Trissur, Kerala, Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, Government Medical College, Thrissur and Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
3. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India, Believers Church Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

One calorie is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water through 1°C. 1 kcal = 4.2 kJ. Respiratory quotient is defined as the ratio of the volume of CO2 produced to the O2 consumed. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins have RQ’s of 1, 0.7 and 0.8 respectively. BMR is defined as energy required by an awake individual during physical, emotional and digestive rest. BMR can be measured using Benedict’s Roth apparatus. Normal value for men is 34 – 37 kcal/m2/hour and for women are 30 – 35 kcal/m2/hour. Increased heat production following intake of food is referred to as Specific dynamic action. Values of SDA for proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are 30%, 15%, and 5% respectively. Dietary fibers are essential to maintain normal motility of GI tract, prevent constipation, and decrease cholesterol levels and to improve glucose tolerance. Biological value of a protein is the ratio of the amount of nitrogen retained to that absorbed during a specific interval. Marasmus and Kwashiorkor are two conditions of Protein energy malnutrition.

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