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Chapter-29 Acid-Base Balance and pH

BOOK TITLE: Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students

Author
1. Vasudevan DM
2. S Sreekumari
3. Vaidyanathan Kannan
ISBN
9789350250167
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11359_29
Edition
6/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
16
Author Affiliations
1. Faculty of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, (Amrita University), Kochi, Kerala, Formerly Principal, College of Medicine, Amrita, Kerala; Formerly, Dean, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Deemed University), Cochin, Kerala, E-mail: dmvasudevan@aims.amrita.edu, PG Programs and Research College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India; Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
2. Jubilee Mission Medical College, Trissur, Kerala, Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, Government Medical College, Thrissur and Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
3. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India, Believers Church Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

The pH of plasma is 7.4. The regulation is by buffers, lungs and kidney. Buffer systems of the body are bicarbonate, phosphate, Hb, proteins. Bicarbonate buffer system is quantitatively the most significant among body buffers. Anion gap is the unmeasured anions. Normal value is about 12 +_ 5mM /L. Metabolic acidosis is due to primary deficit in bicarbonate while respiratory acidosis is due to a primary excess of carbonic acid. Metabolic alkalosis is due to primary excess of bicarbonate, while respiratory alkalosis is due to primary deficit of carbonic acid. Metabolic acidosis is seen during renal tubular acidosis, diabetic ketosis and organic acidemias. Metabolic alkalosis occurs in hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia and Cushing’s syndrome. Respiratory acidosis may result from bronchopneumonia and chronic obstructive lung disease. Respiratory alkalosis results from hysteria, raised intra cranial pressure and salicylate poisoning.

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