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Chapter-27 Kidney Function Tests

BOOK TITLE: Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students

Author
1. Vasudevan DM
2. S Sreekumari
3. Vaidyanathan Kannan
ISBN
9789350250167
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11359_27
Edition
6/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
15
Author Affiliations
1. Faculty of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, (Amrita University), Kochi, Kerala, Formerly Principal, College of Medicine, Amrita, Kerala; Formerly, Dean, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Deemed University), Cochin, Kerala, E-mail: dmvasudevan@aims.amrita.edu, PG Programs and Research College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India; Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
2. Jubilee Mission Medical College, Trissur, Kerala, Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, Government Medical College, Thrissur and Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
3. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India, Believers Church Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

The GFR of a person with 70 kg body weight is 120–125 ml per minute. Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, will cause diuresis by decreasing reabsorption of bicarbonate, sodium and water. The glomeruli of kidney are not permeable to substances with molecular weight more than 69,000. Large quantities (upto a few grams per day) of albumin are lost in urine in nephrosis. Microalbuminuria is seen as a complication of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Ketonuria may be detected by Rothera’s test. Non Protein Nitrogen includes urea, creatinine and uric acid. Minor components of NPN are urobilinogen, Indican, ammonia and amino acids. Clearance is defined as the quantity of blood or plasma completely cleared of a substance per unit time and is expressed as milliliter per minute. Inulin is neither absorbed nor secreted by the tubules. Therefore, inulin clearance is a measure of GFR. Creatinine co-efficient is the urinary creatinine expressed in mg/kg body weight. The value is elevated in muscular dystrophy. Normal range is 20–28 mg/kg for males and 15–21 mg/kg for females. Maximum urea clearance is found to be 75 ml/minute in normal.

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