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Chapter-25 Cardiovascular Diseases and Hyperlipidemias

BOOK TITLE: Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students

Author
1. Vasudevan DM
2. S Sreekumari
3. Vaidyanathan Kannan
ISBN
9789350250167
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11359_25
Edition
6/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
9
Author Affiliations
1. Faculty of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, (Amrita University), Kochi, Kerala, Formerly Principal, College of Medicine, Amrita, Kerala; Formerly, Dean, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Deemed University), Cochin, Kerala, E-mail: dmvasudevan@aims.amrita.edu, PG Programs and Research College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India; Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
2. Jubilee Mission Medical College, Trissur, Kerala, Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, Government Medical College, Thrissur and Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
3. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India, Believers Church Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

LDL carries cholesterol from the liver to the heart, while HDL carries cholesterol from the heart to the liver. LDL is ‘bad’ cholesterol and HDL is ‘good’ cholesterol. Higher concentration of Lipoprotein (a) or LP (a) increases risk of a myocardial infarction. Tangier’s disease is caused by the deficiency of alpha lipoprotein. It is an example of hyperlipoproteinemia. Hypercholesterolemia is seen in diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and nephrotic syndrome. Serum cholesterol above 200 mg %, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and high LP (a) levels are risk factors for atherosclerosis. Hypolipidemic drugs such as Clofibrate and Nicotinic acid lower serum cholesterol and are used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. The ideal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in the diet is 4:1.

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