Ocular oncology has become recognized as a separate subspeciality in ophthalmology. In the present chapter an overview of common intraocular tumors is given. This is followed by an account of intraocular vascular tumors, intraocular lymphoma, leukemia and other intraocular tumors. Retinoblastoma is the most common pediatric intraocular malignancy and the second most common primary intraocular malignancy in any age group. Gallie and associates first described retinocytoma in 1982 as retinoma and Margo and associates as “retinocytoma”. Uveal melanomas are malignant neoplasms that arise from neuroectodermal melanocytes within the choroid, ciliary body or iris. Most vascular tumors of the retina and choroid indicate the presence of a phakomatosis, though they may occur without evidence of systemic disease. Vascular tumors of the retina include the following: Capillary hemangioma, Cavernous hemangioma, Racemose hemangioma, and Vasoproliferative tumor of the retina. Carcinoma can metastasize to involve the eye. Ocular metastasis is most commonly seen in the uveal tract. Primary intraocular lymphoma is a subtype of lymphoma, formerly called as reticulum cell sarcoma. The leukemias are malignant transformations of the blood forming cells of the body. It is an uncommon, benign, acquired, bony tumor of the choroid, which presents in young healthy females in the second or third decades of life. It is unilateral in 70 to 80% of cases. Medulloepithelioma is a rare primary intraocular neoplasm that arises from non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body usually in the first decade of life. Retinal astrocytomas are glial tumors arising from the optic nerve head or the retina.