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Chapter-28 Laser Treatment in Posterior Segment Disorders

BOOK TITLE: Clinical Ophthalmology: Medical and Surgical Approach

Author
1. Venkatesh Pradeep
2. Garg Satpal
ISBN
9789350250044
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11246_28
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
26
Author Affiliations
1. Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr RP Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of, RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, New Delhi, India, Vitreo-retina Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, AIIMS, Delhi, India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical
2. Dr RP Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr RP Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Vitreo-retina Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Laser treatment has become an important therapeutic modality in the treatment of most retinal disorders. Abnormal ingrowth of choroidal vessels between the Bruch’s membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium or between the retinal pigment epithelium and neurosensory retina is known as choroidal neovascularization. Drusen are considered predisposing lesions for the evolution of visually threatening complications in elderly patients. Diabetic maculopathy is today the commonest cause of visual loss in diabetics. Occlusion of the retinal venous system occurs more commonly than arterial occlusions. Systemic hypertension is the commonest association and thrombus formation the most likely mechanism. Central serous chorioretinopathy is a relatively benign and self-limited disorder and in most cases the serous detachment resolves spontaneously in about 3–4 months. Gonin, the father of retinal detachment surgery, proved beyond doubt, that the cause of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was the development of a retinal break. Complete anatomical reattachment of the retina is the objective while managing rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Eales’ disease is an idiopathic, noninfective, inflammatory vasculitis of the retinal vasculature that is usually seen in males in their second and third decade. Cousins and associates have classified acquired macroaneurysms involving the retinal vasculature into four types. These are typical retinal artery macroaneurysm, retinal venous aneurysms, retinal capillary macroaneurysm and collateral associated macroaneurysm. Hemangioma is a benign vascular malformation formed by an abnormal profusion of vessels relative to the anatomical site (i.e. they are vascular hamartomas). Retinopathy of prematurity is a vasoproliferative condition of the eye that occurs in premature infants. Hemorrhage into the subhyaloid space overlying the macula can result in sudden and gross decrease of vision. After cataract or posterior capsular opacification is a common occurrence following cataract extraction and is reported to occur in 16 to 50% of patients.

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