Retinal vascular disorders are the commonest retinal lesions. Most of these disorders are closely associated with systemic disease, such as diabetes and hypertension directly or indirectly. Common vasculopathies with proven treatment modalities will be discussed. They include diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy, retinal vein and artery occlusion and Eales’ disease. Many randomized clinical trials have been conducted in several retinal vasculopathies. Diabetic retinopathy is the commonest cause of moderate to severe retinal blindness. It is a complex multifactorial disease. Approximately 8% of legally blind individuals are reported to have diabetes and approximately 12% of new blindness is due to diabetic retinopathy. Systemic hypertension affects the retinal vessels (hypertensive retinopathy), choroid (hypertensive choroidopathy) and the optic nerve (hypertensive optic neuropathy). Hypertensive choroidopathy occurs in relatively young individuals with acute hypertension (malignant hypertension). The associated clinical conditions include eclampsia and pre-eclampsia, renal disease, pheochromocytoma and accelerated hypertension. Retinal vascular occlusion occurs from a compromise of the retinal perfusion and could occur anywhere from the internal carotid artery up to the small retinal arterioles. Retinal vein occlusion is the second common vascular retinopathy, after diabetic retinopathy. Depending on the site of involvement, the vein occlusion could be central, branch or hemicentral type. Each one again could be ischemic or nonischemic variety. Eales’ disease is an idiopathic obliterative vasculopathy, primarily affecting the peripheral retina. It is characterized by perivascular inflammation, peripheral nonperfusion and neovascularization.