There are 1.5 million blind children (corrected visual acuity <20/400 in the better eye) in the world and one million of these live in Asia. Several studies report on blindness data in the pediatric population. The prevalence of blindness ranges from 1 to 4/10,000 children in industrialized countries to 5 to 15/10,000 children in the developing world. Presently, highly refined and perfected microsurgical techniques that have made lens implantation one of the most successful surgical techniques in history are now providing highly favorable results in the field of pediatric cataract surgery. There are several operative complications similar to cataract surgery in adults, but a few specific complications for pediatric cataract surgery are: (i) Difficulty in capsulorhexis formation, (ii) Positive intravitreal pressure, (iii)Intraoperative miosis, and (iv) Wound leak. Since intraocular lenses (IOLs) are now commonly implanted in infants during the first two years of life prior to the reaching of the adult size axial length of the eye, dioptric adjustment by the use of a secondary or exchange IOLs will become more common in the future. The risk of postoperative complications is higher due to greater inflammatory response after pediatric intraocular surgery. Close follow-up, early detection and the management of complication is a must. Several studies have reported good visual outcome following intraocular lens implantation in children.