Helpful in glaucoma surgeries some advanced newer investigative techniques are: (i) Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a high-resolution ultrasound technology that allows imaging of structural details of the anterior ocular segment at near microscopic resolution in vivo. (ii) Optical coherence tomography is a noncontact, noninvasive diagnostic technique and has a useful application in the evaluation of eyes with glaucoma. Role of optical coherence tomography in evaluating the glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber damage is now well established. (iii) Scanning laser polarimetry with fixed and individualized custom compensation. A scanning laser polarimeter (GDx Laser diagnostic technologies, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) is a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope with an integrated ellipsometer to measure retardation. Retinal scanning laser polarimetry determines the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, point-by-point in the peripapillary region, by measuring the total retardation in the light reflected from the retina. (iv) Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy; Heidelberg retinal tomography have been shown to have useful application in the diagnosis of glaucoma. Optic nerve head changes have been documented on confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy after trabeculectomy. Some of these modalities also have useful implication in preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up of patients undergoing glaucoma surgery. Successful surgery with adequate and good postoperative intraocular pressure control is able to prevent further progression of glaucomatous visual field defect.