The aim of this chapter is to give an overview on the clinical methods and management aspects in dealing with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and also the pitfalls in these methods. POAG has been reported to be a predominant of glaucoma according to various epidemiological studies conducted so far. The burden of glaucoma is being estimated to be approximately 60.5 million by 2010 and 44.7 million are likely to have POAG. The estimated prevalence of glaucoma in India is 11.9 million. Recent studies in India have reported the age standardized prevalence of POAG to be 3.46% in the urban population and 1.58% in the rural population. Increasing age was reported to be a consistent risk factor. The reasons for differences between urban and rural populations is not clear, but could be possibly related to environmental and lifestyle patterns. In this context, an ophthalmologist should be well versed with the varied risk factors, examination techniques and management options in such a blinding disease.