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Chapter-10 Fetus, Placenta and Membranes

BOOK TITLE: Essentials of Obstetrics

Author
1. Kumar Pratap
2. Thomas Anita
ISBN
9788184489095
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11242_10
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
9
Author Affiliations
1. Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC); Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Center (MARC), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC); Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka, India, Karnataka, Manipal, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kast
2. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

The human placenta is a villous hemochorial structure, which plays a critical role in maternal fetal transfer, has a complex synthetic capacity and plays a role in the immunological acceptance of the fetal allograft. The definitive form of the placenta is achieved by the fourth month and continued growth may occur upto term due to continuous arborization and formation of fresh villi. Function of the placenta is to exchange of metabolic and gaseous products between maternal and fetal blood, glucose transportation, transmission of maternal antibodies and hormonal production. The fetal circulation is designed in such a way that a major part of the oxygenated blood coming from the placenta is diverted to the brain. Fetal hemoglobin first appears at 11 weeks of gestation and persists into neonatal life gradually being replaced by adult hemoglobin. It has increased affinity for oxygen, which allows larger amount of oxygen to be transported at lower partial pressures of oxygen.

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