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Chapter -14 The Role of Leukocytospermia in Male Infertility

BOOK TITLE: Andrology Laboratory Manual

Author
1. Agarwal Ashok
2. Luu Andrew
3. Savia James
ISBN
9788184489019
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11172_14
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2010
Pages
11
Author Affiliations
1. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University Staff, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Ob-Gyn and Women’s Health Institute, Anatomic Pathology and Immunology Cleveland Clinic, Desk A 19.1 Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Clinical Andrology Center and Fertility Laboratory; Research at the American, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA, Lerner College of Medicine; Andrology Laboratory; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Infertility and Sexual Function, Glickman Urological Institute, Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA, Lerner College of Medicine, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Infertility and Sexual Function, Glickman Urological Institute, Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Lerner College of Medicine; Androl
2. Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A19.1 Cleveland, Ohio 44195 USA
3. Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue-Q100 Cleveland, OH, United States
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Many studies have implicated the role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility. While reactive oxygen species has a physiological role in maintenance and function of the spermatozoa, excessive levels above the sperm defense leads to detrimental effects on sperm function and integrity. These possible detrimental effects are termed oxidative stress. Ever since leukocytes were discovered in semen, it has been suggested as a source for the reactive oxygen species found in semen samples. Evidence indicates that leukocytospermia, which is an abnormally high amount of leukocytes in the semen (>1.0 × 106 leukocytes/ml of semen), is associated with poor semen parameters. Leukocyto-spermia can be symptomatic when it is a result of a urinary tract infection, such as prostatitis, but it can also be asymptomatic. With multiple etiologies, from bacterial causes to idiopathic causes, the methods of treatment for leukocytospermia include antioxidant and antibiotic supplementation. The success of these treatments, however, is greatly debated. Nonetheless, understanding the role of leukocytospermia in male factor infertility is essential because of the increasing evidence that oxidative stress does produce detrimental effects on sperm quality.

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