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Chapters-07 Infectious and Parasitic Diseases

BOOK TITLE: Pathology Quick Review and MCQs

Author
1. Mohan Harsh
ISBN
9788184487787
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11098_7
Edition
3/e
Publishing Year
2010
Pages
14
Author Affiliations
1. Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Transmission of infectious diseases requires a chain of events and is the consequence of inter-relationship between disease-producing properties of microorganisms and host-defense capability against the invading organisms. Plague is caused by Yersinia (Pasteurella) pestis which is a small Gramnegative coccobacillus that grows rapidly on most culture media. Direct identification of the organism in tissues is possible by fluorescence antisera methods. Anthrax is a bacterial disease of antiquity caused by Bacillus anthracis that spreads from animals to man. The disease is widely prevalent in cattle and sheep but human infection is rare. The causative organism, Bacillus anthracis, is a gram-positive, aerobic bacillus, 4. 5 $mU;m long. It is a spore-forming bacillus and the spores so formed outside the body are quite resistant. The disease occurs as an exogenous infection by contact with soil or animal products contaminated with spores. Whooping cough is a highly communicable acute bacterial disease of childhood caused by Bordetella pertussis. Granuloma inguinale is a sexually-transmitted disease affecting the genitalia and inguinal and perianal regions caused by Calymmatobacterium donovani. Mycetoma is a chronic suppurative infection involving a limb, shoulder or other tissues and is characterised by draining sinuses. Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused most commonly by Candida albicans and occasionally by Candida tropicalis. Viral haemorrhagic fevers are a group of acute viral infections which have common features of causing haemorrhages, shock and sometimes death.

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