This chapter discusses quality of life in head and neck cancer, where quality of life (QOL) defines individual’s perception of his or her position in life, within the cultural context and value system he or she lives in, and in relation to his or her goals, expectations, parameters and social relations. Since health-related QOL reflects the value that patients place on their health status and function, accurate assessment of QOL requires a direct response from the patient. QOL investigation must use instruments that are validated in the language appropriate to the study population. Patients will sacrifice elements of QOL to achieve cancer survival, if given the choice between survival and QOL. Swallowing, pain, and multiple comorbid illness appear to be the determining factors in post-treatment QOL. Transitional QOL refers to a QOL inquiry at some interval after treatment.