This chapter discusses oropharyngeal cancers, where predisposing factors for oropharyngeal cancer include the exposure to coke ovens, leather industry products, poor oral hygiene and riboflavin deficiency. The histological grading of squamous cell carcinomas is based on structure, degree of differentiation, nuclear polymorphism and number of mitoses. An oropharyngeal cancer should be suspected in case of persistent or recurrent symptoms reported by the patient, such as sore throat, odynophagia, ear ache, or nasal regurgitation. With the advent of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), highly conformal dose distributions can be created around tumor volume, so sparing the nearby sensitive structures. Radiation treatment should include the primary site and ipsilateral nodes, with particular care taken to avoid irradiating the contralateral parotid gland, in order to reduce the incidence of xerostomia.