This chapter discusses anesthesia for head and neck surgery, where malignant lesions of the larynx, pharynx and oral cavity rank sixth in the world in the overall incidence of tumors. Head and neck surgeries pose a special challenge to the anesthesiologist because of the risk of potential airway compromise, prolonged nature of surgery, and associated blood loss. Specific information and counseling regarding immediate postoperative period is also particularly relevant to head and neck surgery. Immunosuppression occurs with the use of all the alkylating agents. Meticulous attention must be paid to aseptic techniques in the perioperative period in order to avoid potentially lethal iatrogenic infection. Nausea and vomiting should be treated using appropriate antiemetic drugs. Pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis may be induced by many of the chemotherapeutic agents, especially bleomycin. Anesthetic drugs incriminated as causing liver damage should not be administered. Central and autonomic nervous system toxicity and peripheral neuropathies occur with vincristine and cisplatinum.