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Chapter-03 Ovulation and Menstruation

BOOK TITLE: Essentials of Gynecology

Author
1. Kumar Pratap
2. Manjunath AP
ISBN
9788180615108
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10276_3
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2005
Pages
7
Author Affiliations
1. Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC); Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Center (MARC), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC); Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka, India, Karnataka, Manipal, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kast
2. Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka State, India, e-mail: manjunath@obgyn.net, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Menstrual problems are one of the commonest presentations to the physicians. The understanding of the physiological spectrum of menstruation is essential to tackle such problems. We hope to provide a fundamental basis for better understanding of normal ovarian physiologic process relevant to the pathophysiology of ovarian dysfunction, as well as clinical intervention to treat infertility or to achieve contraception. Menstruation is the periodic and cyclical discharge of blood, mucus and cellular debris from the uterine mucosa, which occurs due to progesterone withdrawal after ovulation in non-fertile cycles. It is initiated in response to changes in the hormonal production by the ovaries which themselves are controlled by the pituitary and hypothalamus. It takes place at approximately 28-day intervals between menarche (onset of menstruation) and menopause (cessation of menstruation).

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