Urinary and fecal incontinence are distressing conditions for the patient and the caregivers. A careful evaluation and correct diagnosis are essential pre-requisites for offering the best possible treatment. Fortunately, recent advances in diagnostic procedures and newer approaches to treatment have brightened the prospects for a cure or at least symptomatic relief for the victims of incontinence. The ability to store urine and feces and void them at socially acceptable times and places is a characteristic that distinguishes the adult human from animals. Unfortunately, there are many situations when this ability is disrupted to varying degrees and these can be grouped together under the term of incontinence. Since urine and feces are produced continuously, and are to be voided only periodically, there has to be a storage mechanism. The bladder and the rectum act as the storehouses and the concerned sphincters provide the voluntary control. Integrity of the pelvic floor is essential for their normal function. In this chapter, the normal mechanism of micturition and defecation and the pathogenesis and management of incontinence will be discussed. For convenience, urinary and fecal incontinence are considered separately, even though there is overlap in etiological factors and management strategies.