This chapter describes the methods of contraception currently available and practiced. The basic mechanism of action, their advantages and disadvantages will be highlighted. Some controversial issues will be explored. A practical approach of selecting the most appropriate and acceptable type of contraceptive method for a particular patient or couple will be presented. Health is no longer defined as free from any physical illnesses or being cured from one. It also includes the mental, social and family happiness. Prevention has been the norm, rather than curative. Ability to decide when to become pregnant, to avoid an unnecessary pregnancy and to determine the family size are examples of how preventive medicine helps to achieve these. This allows women to pursue their career, to breastfeed their children and avoid undesired short- and long-term complications of pregnancy and to avoid an unwanted pregnancy resulting in a termination of pregnancy, either done legally or illegally. During our practice in prescribing a contraceptive method to a patient, we must be sensitive to the cultural, moral and religious issues of that person. A Catholic would not use any hormonal or related methods. A Muslim might not agree for sterilization, although in reality Islam is very flexible and allows contraceptive methods in an appropriate circumstance.