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Chapter-05 Physiology and Abnormalities of Water Metabolism

BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Nephrology

Author
1. Shah Mehul A
ISBN
9788180613043
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11074_5
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2004
Pages
12
Author Affiliations
1. Rainbow Children’s Hospital and Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Hyderabad, India, Little Stars Children’s Hospital and Apollo Health City, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, Apollo Health City, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Apollo Health City and Little Stars Children’s Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Abstract

In the steady state, water intake (including that generated from endogenous metabolism) must equal water output. There is no such thing as ‘normal’ maintenance or ‘half’ maintenance fluids in renal failure as well as in general. Maintenance fluid is the fluid required to keep a subject in homeostasis or steady state. Therefore, maintenance fluid is the fluid required to replace the daily loses. The body responds to a water load by suppressing anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) secretion, resulting in decreased collecting tubule water reabsorption and excretion of the excess water. Hyponatremia involves disorders of sodium concentration are common clinical problems. These disorders (hypo- and hyper-natremia) reflect abnormalities in water content of body and not necessarily in sodium balance itself. Hyponatremia can result from either solute loss or water retention.

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