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Chapter-24 Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Nephrology

Author
1. Vijayakumar M
2. Nammalwar BR
ISBN
9788180613043
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11074_24
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2004
Pages
13
Author Affiliations
1. Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala, India, Pediatric Kidney Foundation, Chennai, Dr Mehta’s Hospitals Pvt Ltd., Chennai, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chetpet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerela, India, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Mehta’s Children Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Dr. Mehta’s Hospital; Chennai Pediatric Kidney Foundation, Chennai, India, Chennai Pediatric Kidney Foundation, Dr Mehta’s Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, Chennai, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India, Medical College, Alappey, Kerala, Manipal Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Kanchi Kamakoti, Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai
2. Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS, Trust Hospital, Chennai, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India, Institute of Child Health, Hospital for Children; Mehta Children Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Mehta's Multispeciality Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Institute of Child Health, Hospital for Children and Dr Mehta’s Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is not an uncommon disease. NS generally tends to follow a benign and chronic relapsing course but a few may have a serious or fatal complication. Gross proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia and edema characterize NS. In children, urine protein excretion greater than 40 mg/m2/hr or more than 50 mg/kg in 24 hours is considered as nephrotic range proteinuria. Two thirds of childhood NS present before age 5 years. The ratio of boys to girls with NS is 2: 1. By late adolescence, both sexes are equally affected. Ninety percent of childhood cases are not associated with any systemic disease and is classified as primary NS. Majority of primary NS will be clinically steroid sensitive or histologically minimal change. Bacterial infections of NS are found to result from reduction in IgG and factor B due to urinary loss and impaired lymphocyte function due to circulating factors and hypercholesterolemia.

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