YOGA: GREA T INDIAN MYSTERIES Yoga is the ancient Indian science of integration of human personality at the physical, mental, moral and intellectual levels. The definition of Yoga is a subject of debate. Most of the yoga practitioners fail to see yoga in totality and assume what they known is yoga. In this process, they end up defining yoga in a manner very much similar to blind persons perception on seeing elephant for the first time in life. The term yoga has its roots in Sanskrit word yuj which means to join or to unite or state of oneness . It is the union of finite self (jivatam) with the cosmic or universal self (paramtama). However, according to yogis, there is an anomaly in this definition, as yoga cannot unite something, which is inseparable. There was or will never be a time when the jivatam is separate from atman. At this, very instant one is united with his universal consciousness. The yoga helps only to realize this truth. On a more practical level, Yoga is a means of balancing and harmonizing the body, mind and emotions. It unfolds deeper aspects of personality and sprout creativity. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Yoga was slowly evolved in India and developed by the ancient sages, not only in India but all over the world. VEDIC TRADITIONS Modern world is indebted to ancient India for its precious gift of ideology and technology of yoga. The seeds of the Yoga system may be discovered in the vedic Samhitas because the Vedas are the foundation of Indian Culture, Philosophy and R eligion. One can assume that all the titles of the Vedas had the divine powers of maintaining the order of the universe as they individually represented different phenomena of nature. Divine power is not different from Yogic power because a yogi can also realize the revelation of the divine power within his own mind, both orthodo x and hetrodox systems of philosophy followed the path o f yoga for the attainment o f freedom from all worldly pains. The derivation of the Word Yoga, the vedic line Yujyate amina iti yogah may be taken for consideration wherein the word Yujyate implies an instrument or Venille to achieve some desired aim or object.

INTRODUCTION Sthiram Sukham Aasanam PYS II : 46 The position which is comfortable and steady, Asanas are practiced to develop the ability to sit comfortably in one position for an extended period of time, an ability necessary for meditation, Asanas open the energy channels and psychic centers, and it is a tools to highest awareness. According to yogic scriptures there are 74,000 Asanas, which represents the 74,000 in carnations every individual must pass through before attaining liberation from life cycle. Many of the yogasanas reflect the movements of animals, trees, flowers, etc. Through observation the yogis understood, how animals live in harmony with their environment and with their own bodies yogis through experience explained the effect of particular posture mechanism of the hormonal secretion could be stimulated and controlled by Asanas. The aim of asana is to release mental tensions by dealing with them on the physical level, acting somato physically, through the body to the mind, daily practice of asana maintains the physical body in an optimum condition an d promotes health even in a disease condition. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO THE PRACTITIONER 1 . Place should be quiet, secludes place, and well-ventilated free from moisture, dust, insects, bad odor and hot air. 2 . Asana may be practiced at any time of the day except after meals, the best time is two hours before and including sunrise, the period is called Brahmamuhurta. 3 . Yogasana should be practiced under the guidelines of teacher or guru. 4 . Dress should be clean, light and loose fitting to allow free movement. 5 . Yogasana should be practiced on thick blanket, it acts as insulator between the body and the earth. 6 . Take a cold water bath before starting, yogasana; this improves the effect of the Asanas. 7 . Stomach, bladder and bowels should be empty while doing yogasana. 8. Remove spectacles, wrist watch and Jewels before doing asana. 9. Avoid jerky movements while assuming or releasing the posture. 1 0 . while practicing asana, eyes should be closed.

S H A V ASANA (CORPSE POSE) Or Mritasana (The dead mans pose) One of the easiest and hardest yogasana is shavasana. Fig. 3.1 Lie flat on the back, feet comfortably apart, arms and hands extended about 8  away from the body, palms facing upwards with half closed fingers, close the eyes, relax the whole body and stop all physical movements, become aware of the natural breath and allow it to become rhythmic and relaxed. Thus, all parts of the body are loosened to create a state of complex relaxation. CHAKRA PADASANA (LEG ROT A TION) Lie in the base position, raise the right leg 5 cm from the ground, rotate the entire leg clockwise and anticlockwise 10 times, the feet should not touch the floor and knee should straight, repeat with the left leg. UTTHANP ADASANA (UTTHITHA P ADASANA) (RAISED LEGS POSE) Lie on back with legs together. Then slowly raise the both legs off the ground so that legs should be vertical to ground. Fig. 3.3 Benefits: Streng thens abdominal muscles, massages the organs. It strengthens the digestive 3 Supine Series of Asana Fig. 3.

MAKARASANA (CROCODILE POSE) Lie down in the prone position with hands crossed, so that the palms rest on the opposite shoulders, keep elbows on the ground, stretch the legs and toes outwards, heels should face each other, breath normally. Relax the whole body and close the eyes. Fig. 4.1 SPHINXASANA Lie on stomach bend arms and keep it on floor on side of head, fingertips pointing forward. Raise head, shoulder chest by making upper arms vertical to floor. Benefits: Improves circulation to back, tones the nerves, relieves stiffness of the back stimulates abdominal organs. Indications: Backache, slip disc, stiff back tuber- culosis, hyperthyroidism. Contraindications: Peptic ulcer, intestinal. BHUJANGASANA (COBRA POSE) Lie flat on stomach with legs together, hands side of chest. Interlock fingers and place it near to buttocks. Then inhale and raise the head, neck and chest. Benefits: Keep spine supple and healthy. Improves the circulation in the back region. Toning the nerves. Tones ovaries, uterus. The adrenal glands, 4 Prone Series of Asana Fig. 4.2 Fig. 4.

S W ASTIKASANA (AUSPICIOUS POSE) Bend the both legs at knee and keep the feet touching the inner aspect of opposite thigh. Indication: Tired and aching muscles, varicose vein, fluid retention in legs. Contraindication: Sciatica, sacral infection. SIDDHASANA Siddhasana (Adepts pose) (accomplished pose for men) [Siddhayoniasana in Female] Bend right leg and place the sole of the foot flat against the inner left thigh, heel pressing perineum in males and labia majora in females. Bend left leg and place the left heel over the right heel. Benefits: Directs energy from lower psychic centers upwards through spine stimulating brain and calming the entire nervous system. Posture redirects blood circulation to lower spine and abdomen, toning the lumbar region of the spine, the pelvis, abdominal organs, balancing repro- ductive system and the blood pressure. Contraindication: Sciatica, sacral infection, OA, et c . VAJRASANA (THUNDER BOL T POSE) Vajra-Diamond (make your body like Diamond) Bend both legs and sit on heels, hands on thigh, head, neck, back straight, close the eyes. Benefits: Strengthens pelvic muscles. Preventive measure against hernia and also helps to relieve piles. Increases efficiency of the entire digestive system . 5 Sitting Series of Asana Fig. 5.

TADASANA: PALM TREE POSE Standing with legs together, slowly rise your heels and stand on your toes, rise your arms above your head, stretch upward. Fig. 6.1 Benefits: Entire spine is stretched and loosened Helping in case of congestion of the spinal nerves. Useful during first 6 months of pregnancy to keep abdominal muscles and nerves toned. Indications: Asthma, frozen shoulders, consti- pation. Contraindications: Arthritis, varicose veins. KA TI CHAKRASANA Waist rotating pose. Legs apart, bring right hand to left shoulder and encircle the left arm around back and twist body to left side Then repeat on opposite side. Fig. 6.2 Benefits: Tones the waist, back and hips. Correc- ting back stiffness and postural problems.

HANUMANASANA (HANUMANS POSE) Kneel on left knee, hands on the floor on either side. Slide the right foot forward. Straighten both legs, by moving right foot forward and left back- wards, lower the buttock. Make Namaskara- mudra. Perineum resting on the ground. Fig. 7.1 Benefits: Improve flexibility, improves circulation to legs and lips. Massages abdominal organs, tones the reproductive system, prepares the female body to child birth. Psychic benefits. Indications: 2nd trimester of pregnancy, menstrual disorders, constipation, flatulence. Contraindications: Slipped disc, sciatic, hernia, dislocation of hip. VA T A Y ANASANA (FL YING HORSE POSE) Stand with feet together. Bend left knee place foot on right thigh. Slowly bend right knee and lower the body. Place left knee on floor. Adopt Namaskaramudra. Benefits: Strengthens leg muscles and knee joints. Reduces hyperactivity of kidneys. 7 Advanced Series of Asana Fig. 7.

INTRODUCTION Pranayama is generally defined as breath control. The word pranayama is comprised of two roots prana and yama, prana means vital energy or life force. A man may have ears, eyes, all faculties and parts of the body, but unless he has mahaprana, there is no consciousness. Prana is the energy permeating the universe at all levels. It is physical, mental, intellectual, sexual, spiritual and cosmic energy. Prana is usually translated as breath, yet this is only one of its many manifestations in the human body. Life is the period between one breath and the next, a person who only half breathes. Only half lives, its who breathes correctly, acquires control of the whole being Hatha Yoga. In yoga, it is said that each person has a fixed number of breathing allocated to him. It one breathes slowly then one will live longer. Pranayama should not be considers as mere breathing exercises aimed at introducing oxygen into the lung. Because oxygen consumption increase the oxygen derived free radicals rate. It increased rate of ones death. A fast breathing rate is associated with tension, fear, worry, etc. which tends to lead to disease. A person who breathes slowly is relaxed, calm and happy. The word yama means control and is used to denote various rules or codes of conduct and the word pranayama means extension or expansion of the dimension of prana. The techniques of pranayama provide the method whereby the life force can be activated and regulated in order to 30 beyond ones normal boundaries or limitations and attain higher state of vibratory energy. In the pranayama practice, there are three important parts of breathing, they are: 1. Inhalation (or) Pooraka 2. Exhalation (or) Recheck 3. Breath retention (or) Kumbhaka Kumbhaka a . Antar (internal) b . Bahar (external) There is another mode of pranayama which is called Kevala Kumbhaka or spontaneous breath retention. This is an advanced stage of pranayama which occurs during high states of meditation. The Siddies explain vedainthic Kumbhaka or cessatiang Breath. During this state, the Alveoli in the lung shop their activity and the respiration ceases. At this time a higher vision of reality is attained.

INTRODUCTION The word bandha means to hold, tighten or lock, and this exactly describes the physical action necessary to perform these practices, specific parts of the body are gently yet powerfully contracted and tightened. This has vast repercussions first of all various parts of the physical body are controlled, organs, muscle, nerves and physical process with in the body are managed. The physical contraction or lock in turn has an extensive influence on the psychic body (Pranic body). The flow of prana that continuously streams through our subtle body is redirected and even stopper. This has direct influences on the mind. The whole body and mind is tranquilized and made receptive to higher states of awareness. There are four bandhas. They are: 1 . Jalandhara bandha 2 . Moola bandha 3. Uddiyana bandha 4. Maha bandha Maha bandha is a combination of the first three bandha. There three bandhas directly act on the three grant his or psychic knots, moola bandha is associated with brahma granthi, Uddiyana bandha with Vishnu granthi, and jalandhara bandha with rudra granthi. The prana along sushumna nadi and thus impede the awakening of the Chakras and the rising of Kundalini. JALANDHARA BANDHA (THROA T LOCK) The Sanskrit word Jalan means net, the word dhara means Stream, mass of flowing fluid. This leaves the meaning of the word Jalandhara open to various interpretations. Jalandhara is the practice net or network of nadis in the neck. T echnique Take a comfortable sitting pose place the palms of your hands on the knee, close the eyes, Relax the whole body, inhale deeply, retain the breath inside the lungs, then bend the head forward, and press the chin tightly against the chest, in particular against the sternum. Relax the shoulders bend the arms, slowly release the lock, raise the head and then exhale. Duration The practitioner is able to comfortably retain the breath, gradually increase the period by maintain- ing a count.

INTRODUCTION The Sanskrit word mudra is translated as gesture or attitude. Mudras can be described as psychic, emotional, devotional and aesthetic gestures or attitudes. Yogis have experienced mudras as attitudes of energy flow, intended to link individual pranic fore with universal or cosmic fore. The Kularnava tantra traces the word mudra to the root mud meaning delight or pleasure and dravay, the causal form of dru which means to draw form, mudra is also defined as a seal. Mudras are a combination of subtle physical movements which alter mood, attitude and perception and which deepen awareness and concentration. A mudra may involve the whole body in a combination of asana, pranayama, bandha and visualization techniques or it may be a simple hand position. Mudras provide a means to access and influence the unconscious reflexes and primal, instinctive habit patterns that originate in the primitive areas of the brain around the brainstem. Each mudra help up a different link and has a correspondingly different effect on the body, mind and prana. The aim is to crease fixed, repetitive postures and gestures which can snap the practitioner out of instinctive habit patterns and establish a more refined consciousness. The yoga mudras can be categorized into major five groups. They are: a . Hasta - Hand mudras b . Mana - Head mudras c . Kaya - Postural mudras d . B a n d h a - Lock mudras e . Adhara - Perineal mudras Gyana mudra (psychic gesture of gyana means wisdom or knowledge. It is gesture of intuition knowledge). Fold the index fingers so that they touch the inside root of thumbs, straighten the other three fingers of each hand so that they are relaxed and slightly apart. Place the hands on the knees with the palms facing down. CHIN MUDRA (MANIFESTED CONSCIOUSNESS) Chin is derived from word chit or chitta, which means consciousness. Chin mudra is performed in the same way as a gyana mudra except that the palms of both hands face upwards with the backs of the hands resting on the knees.

INTRODUCTI O N Realization is the highest goal which an indi- vidual can strive to attain in this lifetime. There are many ways, to attain realization, one of the most popular and well known method is Meditation. The techniques of meditation are quite simple, however, to gain everlasting benefits from meditation, one needs to be consistent in practice. It is a very practical method, and practiced correctly and sincerely the benefits are immense. In this world of chaos and materialism medi- tation helps to bring order within an individual and help to attain the highest level of equilibrium and tranquility. MEDIT A TION AND RELIGION know thyself, said once a great philosopher. Both religion and meditation helps oneself to move inwards, into the inner realms of life and feel all levels of existence of past, present and future with utmost tranquility. Meditation is devoid of any religion (religious practice). It does not abhor any religious practices. Whatever may be ones religion, still meditation can be done to reap benefits of inner self-consciousness. In the Sanskrit, Tibetan Chinese and Japanese languages, the word meditation has been used in a very clear way it means to make the mind-free from disturbing thoughts. Meditation is a method that makes one aware of reality this is an inward journey from the guess. Meditation is an inward method that leads one to the center of consciousness by stilling the mind also confuse the word meditation and contemplation the word meditation in the dictionary. MEDIT A TION AND CONTEMPLA TION It defined as contemplation and contemplation is defined as meditation as if there were no difference between the two, but they are actually two different things. Contemplation is thinking with a definite idea in mind, but in meditation one does not explore the various aspect of a particular concept. In meditation one has a single point of focus and one does not change that it is always the same focus for contemplation one needs an idea, but to learn meditation one needs an object of concen- tration. Meditation will tell one how distracted ones mind is how much concentration one has.

INTRODUCTION Kriyas (or) Shat Karma Shat Karma Shat means Six and Karma means action, the shat karma consists of Six groups of purification practices. Kriyas (cleansing process), Asanas and pranayama are the base for higher yogic practices like Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi. The fusion of body and mind should hear the aspirant into the revelation of self- realization. Purpose and Importance of Sodhana Kriyas in Y oga Elimination of impurities by Kriyas brings down the body activity to a minimum level that facilitates body working to go smoothly. Then the body requires less oxygen to carry out its functions and there will be less production of carbon dioxide due to less activity in the body. This provides less work to the respiratory organ in providing oxygen to the body and eliminating carbon dioxide from the body. Kriyas are vital in influencing developing specific immunity, capacity to resist and eradicate the offending factors and to help the body to recoup itself. Dhauti, Neti, Nauli, Basti, Trataka and Kapalabhati are the six Kriyas practiced in empty stomach. Cleansing materials for Dhauti, Neti and Basti should be sterilized before and after the practice. The water should be lukewarm and salt mixed. The mastery over in Kriyas is essential for advancement in pranayama Kriyas, undoubtly have an important part in the tradition of yoga and they stand greatly supporting all other practices like Asanas, Pranayama, Mudra, Bandha and Dhyana. List of Kriyas Gheranda samhita among the Hatha Yoga texts gives a detailed description about many Kriyas.

INTRODUCTION Born as helpless, infant, totally dependent upon its mother for survival, Human baby grows, matures, develops, learns and comes to be reckoned as a person among several persons in this world. It is a longitudinal process. Some leave a legacy, a landmark upon the sands of time to be cherished, remembered and revered for centuries. Others, nevertheless, do lead a quiet, dignified life, raising a family and fulfilling the purpose ordered by God. KS Woodworth gives the following definition: Personality is the total quality of an individuals behavior as it is revealed in his characteristic habits of thoughts and expression, his attitudes and interests, his manner of acting and his personal, philosophy of life. Personality is developed through social interaction and not in isolation. Social heritage shapes ones personality. Personality refers to the totally of an individuals behavior and not to a segment. The science of yoga begins to work on the outermost aspect of the personality, the physical body, which for most people is a practical and familiar starting point. Imbalance is experienced at this level, the organs, muscles and nerves no longer function in harmony, rather they act in opposition to each other. Yoga aims at bringing the different bodily functions into perfect co- ordination so that they work for the good of the whole body. Typology is an ancient method of classifying people on the basis of physical features. Galen, a disciple of Aristotle theorized that human body consists of humours. The predominance of one of them would be reflected in ones personality. The predominance of the humours is regulated by the yogasanas and kriya practices. It is the essential need of today and culture of tomorrow from the physical body yoga move on to the mental and emotional level. Swami Sivananda of Rishikesh explained yoga as an integration and harmony between thought, word and deed, or integration between head, heart and hand. Through the practice of yoga. Awareness of the interrelation between the emotional, mental and physical levels, and how disturbance in anyone of them affects the others develop gradually. This awareness leads to understanding subtle areas of existence. Each individual needs to his/her particular personality and need.

INTRODUCTION Acupuncture is the one of basic therapeutic methods in traditional Chinese medicine; Chinese have been using and refining the techniques of acupuncture for more than 5000 years win consistent and remarkable effect. Acupuncture:- acus+ puncture Latin: - Acus-Needle, Puncture or penetrate The treatment of disease by using needles. THEORIES OF ACUPUNCTURE T raditional Theories Qi or Chi is some vital motivations force in the body which burns as a all over. It is only to be experienced and according to traditional Chinese concept of Qi or the energy of life. Qi in universe and present of all times in different forms. In the body it promotes all living cells and tissues, it is the invisible and responsible for all the movement of life. Qi is the main worker, force behind in the events of the life and the control the functioning of the all systems in the body. The Principle of Y in and Y ang The Yin and Yang are the two aspects of the epi energy like Balance between two Yin and Yang in aesthete of for formation imbalance in result of dreams. In Chinese literature the concept of Yin and Yang usually depicts in the forms of the called Chinese Monad. It is represented by a closed circle divides into two part by a sinus cures. Jing Luo, Jing-Path, Luo-connection. Meri- dians running vertically from below upwards or above downwards are the main meridians and traditionally termed as Jing. These are the 12 main meridians and 8 extraordinary meridians. The collateral connections that link the main meri- dians together are called Luo. Twelve paired meridians originate from the internal viscera of the body and are named according to the concerned organ. The viscera are divided into two categories-solid or Zang organs, hollow or Fu organs. Zang organs store the Qi while fu organs discharge it. The meridians originating from Zang organs are negative (Yin) and originating from the Fu organs are positive (Yang) in polarity. These Yin and Yang meridians are connection (Luo- connected) by collaterates. THE THEORY OF THE FIVE ELEMENTS There are five elements in heaven, as also on earth. The Chinese classified all phenomena of the Universe into the Five Elements.

INTRODUCTION Acupressure has been derived from two words- ACUS (Latin) i.e. needle and pressure; which refers to a pressure, pinching like a needle. Applying a fine pressure to meridians points in the body, using thumb, finger and instruments to treat the disorders is called acupressure. Acupressure is an ancient art of healing which has been widely practiced throughout the eastern world for thousands of years. It has become popular in the western countries since the late 1960s. MECHANISM OF ACUPRESSURE The treatment system known as acupressure involves working on recipients Qi by pressing the figures and thumbs on specific points that are located along channels of Qi. These pressure points are the places, where the channels come near to the bodys surface, making it possible to influence the Qi. By manipulating the points you can either strengthen, disperse or calm the Qi helping it to flow smoothly in the body and to bring a harmonious relationship between body and mind, relaxing and removing the symptoms. The date on alternative therapies in the US and the Western countries shows an amazing number of research on the practical application of acupuncture for various conditions in being conducts are China (over 10,000 studies) ECG (Electrocardiogram) reading have shown improvements in patients with irregular heart beat, respecting and digestive problems have been relived. Acupuncture has also been shown to triggers the brain to release endorphins, the chemical substance known to reduce pain and bring feeling of well-being. Benefits of Acupressure 1. Reduce the stress level 2 . Improves circulation and eliminates toxins 3. Increase immunity 4 . Eliminate unwanted habits 5 . Relieve pain and heal chronic illness 6 . Prevent and heal the exercise induce injury 7. Bring out your natural beauty 8. Establish a better relationship with your body 9. Prevent illness, promote good health Methods of Applying Acupressure 1 . Carefully locate points accruing to discover (points are in channels, explained in acupuncture).

INTRODUCTION Acupuncture anesthesia is comparatively a recent development and not yet universally accepted by the anesthetists world over. However, the importance of acupuncture anesthesia in the surgical procedures is being greatly felt and the modern medical man is expected to revise his opinion on the subject in near future. Advantages of Acupuncture Anesthesia 1 . It is very safe, even in poor risk cases. 2 . There are no dangerous side effects like those of drug toxicity and allergy. 3 . There is no inhibition of the cardiac and respiratory functions, no fall of blood pressure and no alternation in the pulse rate. At times slight bradycardia may occur. 4 . Hepatic and renal damage does not occur. 5 . It is not expensive. Sophisticated equipment and costly drugs are not required. 6 . It is simple and medical workers in distant rural areas can make use of it with success. 7 . It is comfortable to the patient. He is not kept fasting. There is faster recovery without nausea and vomiting. 8 . Intravenous fluids are usually not needed. 9 . Patient can talk during operation. 1 0 . Results of the operation are known on the operation table, for example in thyroi- dectomy injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve can be judged by asking the patient to talk. 1 1 . There is no chance of venous thrombosis and embolism. 12. No change in the skin temperature and electrical resistance of the anesthetized area. 1 3 . There is little or no hemorrhage. 1 4 . Postoperative pain is much less. Disadvantages 1. Sometimes the anesthesia is incomplete. 2 . Acupuncture anesthesia works better above the diaphragm than below the diaphragm. 3 . It is unsuitable for emergencies because it takes 15 to 20 minutes for induction. 4. In cancer surgery there is some risk of spread of the cancer because of the needling in the vicinity of the disease. 5 . Sometimes there is pulling reaction of the internal organs and muscular tensions, e.g. nausea, vomiting, distension of the viscera, pulling pain, etc.

INTRODUCTION Laser acupuncture therapy is the latest and most modern method for the treatment of various diseases. It may replace the traditional Chinese acupuncture therapy of silver needles in future. By irradiation of laser beam on relevant acupuncture points it can stimulate the channels and vital energy of human body and thereby produce the therapeutic effects in various disorders. A few milliwatt of cold beam laser can exert no harm to the human body if correctly used. The apparatus can be used to irradiate discretely pathological tissue, produce anaglesia, inflam- mation dilating blood vessels, accelerating metabolism and promoting regeneration of tissues. Clinical practice in China has proved that laser acupuncture has noticeable curative effects in treating allergic rhinitis, hypertension, bronchial asthma, muscle strain, arthritis, etc. It is also useful for cosmetic purpose to beautify the skin to look brighter and younger and in reducing the wrinkles of face. Irradiation directly on the ulcer and wounds can make the tissues heal quickly. Procedure Connect the mains and the power indicating lamp will light up. Adjust power voltage selector so that input voltage is 220V (±10%) otherwise the service life of the laser tube will be diminished. Then install the light guide fiber and direct the beam to relevant acupuncture point for treatment. Turn over the timer; indicator lamp will light up. Choose any pre set lime intervals as may be applicable. The exposure time for each acupuncture points is 5 to 10 minutes. After treatment turn off all the switches and disconnect the mains. Advantages of Laser Acupuncture 1 . It is a painless approach, as no needles are pricked on the body. 2 . It is contact free and so aseptic. 3 . It does not need any sterilization which is necessary with the tradition; acupuncture. 4 . Nervous and especially sensitive patients, above all children, respond very well to laser therapy. 5 . Laser acupuncture works at sites where the needles fail to bring about the desired effects. Irradiation to ulcer and wound lead to the tissues healing quickly. 6 . The results obtained are same as with inserting acupuncture needles, while in some, diseases like ulcers, wounds, tumors it gives better results.

INTRODUCTION Chinese Ear Acupuncture Therapy The ear is the place where all the channels meet. Auriculotherapy may be defined as that branch of acupuncture, which makes use of the external ear to diagnose as well as to treat illness. According to the Yellow Emperors Classic of Internal Medicine the ear is the place where all the channels meet. The relationships between organs, channels and points were described clearly in several of the ancient classics. There is historical evidence that in the Middle East and in North Africa, an ancient form of auriculotherapy, which in many respects was similar to that of Chinese auriculotherapy, existed and continues to be used up to the present day. The ear has a rich nerve supply derived from several spinal segments. In addition, branches of the vagus, glossopharyngeal, trigeminal, and facial nerves supply the ear. There is a rich blood supply from branches of several adjoining arteries, with both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers running close to the blood vessels. As the nerves mentioned above spread out widely and have connections with all areas of the body including the internal organs, it is not surprising that any lesion, say for instance in the stomach, will exhibit changes in the collateral branch which supplies the ear. When a neurological representation of one part of the body occurs in any other part of the body such as the cortex, the thalamus, the cerebellum, the limbic system, the medulla oblongata, or the spinal cord, the different parts are represented in a very orderly arrangement. COMMONL Y USED AURICULAR AREAS AND POINTS The outer surface of the auricle (Yang Surface). The Ear Lobe The ear lobe represents the face area. The ear lobe can be divided with 3 horizontal lines and 2 vertical lines into 9 areas as shown in the diagram. Area 1' and Area 4' : Anesthetic points for tooth extraction and analgesic points for toothache. Area 1 represents the teeth of the lower jaw and Area 4 represents the teeth of the upper jaw. Area 2 : The middle of this area represents the Tongue. The upper part of this area is the hard palate and the lower part the soft palate. Area 3 : Represents the jaws.

INTRODUCTION Moxibustion, or Moxa for short, is an ancient form of heat therapy. Moxa uses the ground up leaves of the plant Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris). These are either rolled into sticks for indirect moxa, or the powdery substance is made into tiny cones and burned on ointment or a ginger slice. That is called direct moxa. In Chinese, the term for acupuncture is Zhen Jiu. The Zhen means needle, and the Jiu means moxa. Thus, acupuncture and moxibustion have been paired therapies for hundreds of years. When the needles are in the body, the indirect moxa heats them, and the metal conducts the heat down into the muscles, where it is most needed. However, moxa can be effective by itself, and is an inexpensive form of home therapy for many types of pain, such as sore joints or menstrual cramps. Burning moxa has a distinct odor, which some people find relaxing. Some people with severe sensitivities to smoke may not be able to tolerate moxa. The essential oils in moxa have a significant effect, as a type of aromatherapy or medicinal incense. All over the world, mugwort has had a good reputation as a plant that keeps evil away. In European folk tradition, mugwort was put into dream pillows to keep bad dreams away. The sagebrush of the west is mostly Artemisia tridentata, closer to mugwort than to sage. That the application of heat over a painful area in the body is capable of relieving pain is a well known fact and the results are much better when the center of the painful area is selected for heating. The same principle forms the basis of moxibustion. It is suggested that as the heat forms the basis of moxibustion it is Yang in nature. It is known to increase the number of red blood corpuscles and the p ercentage of hemoglobin in the blood. PREP ARA TION OF THE MOXA WOOL AND ITS USE The leaves of Artemisia vulgaris are dried in the sunlight and powdered after the soil and sand are removed. The powder thus prepared appears as a yellowish, white soft textured wool like substance and is known as moxa wool. It can be coarse and fine in quality depending upon its texture. Fine textured moxa wool is used in direct moxibustion while in indirect moxibustion coarse textured moxa wool is used. For prolonged moxibustion old moxa wool is the best material.

INTRODUCTION Reflexology deals with the principle that there are reflexes in the feet and hands that are relative to every gland, organ and part of the body. A science of stimulating reflex area (usually on the soles or the palms) while take a correspondence or a link with internal organ of the body. on the hands and feet and that pressing on specific areas on the hands or feet can have therapeutic effects in other parts of the body. The body is divided into 10 longitudinal zones- five on each side of the body. Each organ or part of the body is represented on the hands and feet. The practitioner can diagnose abnormalities by feeling the hands or feet. Reflexology is the application or pressure, stretch and movement to the feet and hands to effect corresponding parts of the body. Reflexo- logies view the feet and hands as a mirror image of the body. By applying technique a reflexologies can break up patterns of stress in other parts of the body. Stress is a barrier to the bodys return to a normal state of equilibrium. We find that the extremities have a powerful influence because of locomotion. While we acknowledge that repeated patterns exist through- out the body we find pour most effective focus to be the feet and hands. ZONOLOGY The American ENT Consultant, Dr. Williama Fitzgerald, applied ten zones to the surface of the body. Hence the term Zone therapy these zones 20 Reflexology and Zonetherapy Reflexology also called zone therapy is based on the notion that each body part is represented Fig. 20.

INTRODUCTION Hydrotherapy is a method of treating disease by the application of water in various ways and manners and at varying temperatures to the different parts of the body. One of ancient method of treatment hydrotherapy has been used to treat disease and injury by many different people, including the Egyptians, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, Hebrews, Hindus and Chinese. In the Rig Veda, written about 1500 BC Water cured the Fevers glow, Hippocrates used hydrotherapy extensively around 400 BC. In his writings concerning baths are some of the earliest dictums on the therapeutic uses of water. Historical Perspective Hydro- and hydrothermal therapy are traditional methods of treatment that have been used for the treatment of disease and injury by many cultures, including those of ancient Rome, China, and Japan. Water therapy has been around for centuries. The ancient Greeks took therapeutic baths. Water is an important ingredient in the traditional Chinese and Native American healing systems. A Bavarian monk, Father Sebastian Kneipp helped re-popularize the therapeutic use of water in the 19th century. There are now many methods of applying hydrotherapy, including baths, saunas, douches, wraps, and packs. Properties of Water Water has several unique properties which contribute to its effectiveness as a therapeutic agent. It has an ability to store and transmit heat, which renders it most appropriate for treatment purposes. Water absorbs more heat for a given weight than any other substancealmost twice as much as alcohol or paraffin, 10 times more than copper or iron, and 30 times more than lead or gold. Water is also a good conductor of heat. The solvent properties of water account for its usefulness in the most common of all hydro- therapy procedures, baths and showers. Water is commonly considered the universal solvent. Waters non-toxicity allows for its use both internally and externally, even in individuals who are extremely sensitive to their surroundings. Water also has the ability to change states within a narrow, easily obtainable temperature range. As ice, it is an effective cooling agent.

BA TH TECHNIQUE Baths are full or partial immersions of the body into water of various temperatures. Bath waters may contain additional substances such as salts, minerals, herbs, or medications and may be in an agitated state, as with a whirlpool. Hot Full Immersion Baths These are given within a temperature range of 100- 106°F for up to 20 minutes. They are indicated as home treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, to aid in relief of muscular spasms, for cleansing the body, and to induce sweating. Given for brief periods, they may help to reduce fever by creating peripheral vasodilatation, thereby promoting an increased heat loss. In most instances they are best followed by a brief cool bath, shower, or spray. Prolonged hot tub baths are never appropriate in the very old or very young, weak or anemic persons, individuals with severe organic disease, or in anyone with a tendency to hemorrhage. Neutral Bath The neutral bath is a full immersion bath given at the average temperature of the skin, 92-95° F, in which the recipient has neither the sensation of being warmed nor that of being cooled. A minor variation in temperature of as little as 2°F may create a totally different therapeutic effect. As the ideal temperature is dependent on the patients condition and reaction to the water, it is often better to use their sensation, rather than a thermo- meter, as a guide to adjusting the temperature. The duration of a neutral bath may vary from 15 minutes to 4 hours. If the bath lasts longer than 20 minutes, it will be necessary to add warm water to maintain the temperature. The primary effect of a neutral bath is to create a state of decreased excitation. This sedative effect, similar to that produced in deprivation tanks, calms the nervous system. A second effect is activation of the kidneys, creating increased urinary output due 22 Methods of Hydrotherapy Fig. 22.

23 Pack T echniques INTRODUCTION Wet Sheet Pack The wet sheet pack is one of the most useful of all hydrotherapy procedures. It may be done either in the office or as a home treatment, if adequate direction is provided. It requires from 1-3 hours, depending on the condition of the patient. Using either a bed or treatment table, place two wool blankets lengthwise on the table. The blankets must be large enough to cover the person being treated. If wool is not available, acrylic is the next best choice. The patient must be warm before the pack is applied. If not, they may be warmed by a hot bath or shower, dry blanket pack, diathermy over the back, or any other appropriate technique. Once the patient is ready, a clean white cotton sheet (equal in length to the height of the patient) is wrung as dry as possible after being soaked in cold water. It is much easier if two people are available to wring out the sheet. The sheet is opened and placed lengthwise along the table with equal amounts draped over each side of the table. The sheet should be 1-2 inches below the height of the blankets. The patient now removes all clothing and lies on the wet sheet with shoulders 4 inches below the top of the sheet. Both arms are raised while the attendants quickly wrap one side of the sheet around the body, tucking it in on the opposite side, and carefully molding it to the body. Below the hips, the sheet is wrapped around the leg on the same side. The arms are now lowered and the opposite side of the sheet is drawn over the body, covering both arms. It also wraps the opposite leg. The wet sheet is quickly smoothed over the body to ensure complete contact and is tucked in around the feet. As this is a shocking experience, it should be performed quickly and efficiently. At this point, the blankets are quickly pulled over the body and tucked in firmly, ensuring there are no drafts around the neck or the feet. Additional blandest may be laid over the patient and tucked in as appropriate. A stoking cap may be pulled over the head to increase the heating effect While the patient is in the pack, it is necessary to have someone nearby at all times. Sudden attacks of claustrophobia in some individuals can create extreme anxiety.

INTRODUCTION Magnetotherapy defined as The system of treating patients through the medium of magnets . Magnetotherapy is a scientific approach to treat the illness through magnetic energy. Using magnet for treating acute and chronic ailments with scientific approach. Historical Prospective In 850 BC when a shepherd body named magnes, who while roaming about on Mount Ida was Awe struck with the effect of a lode stone on his iron capped staff. The word magnet is considered to have been derived from the name of the place Magnesia in Asia Minor, where this stone was to be found in abundance. The famous Swissal chemist discovered (1493-1541) the therapeutic properties of magnets. Scientist Van Aelmont (1577-1664 AD) believed that a magnetic fluid radiates from all men and bodies of other. He propounded the doctrine of animal magnetism. In 1769 Dr FA. Mesmer discovered how to produce various cure by stroking peoples bodies with magnet, made systematic use of magnets in the treatment of human ailments. Dr Hanne Mann also prepared three homoeopathic medicines by saturating the sugar of milk and alcohol with the omnipotent emanations of the north pole south pole and the whole magnet the named these medicines as Magnetus poles articus, magnefus. In the book material medica (1910) explain the power of animal magnetism or mesmerism as it is known today, to cure all types of disease and has now developed into Hypnotherapy. Magnetic energy in human body Human body itself is magnet, in a magnetic Parlance our bodies are considered to have magnetic sides.

INTRODUCTION Chromotherapy is a method of treatment that uses the visible spectrum (colours) of electro- magnetic radiation to cure diseases. Chromo (Colour) therapy is the ancient science of natural healing. It uses different colours to harmonize the mind, body and emotions so that our bodies can be totally freed of disease. Colours are responsible for the correct working of various systems that function in the body all organs are limbs of the body gave their own distinct of colour. According to chromotherapy the human body is basically composed of colours. The body comes into existence from colours, the stimulates by colours. In Vedic period, Atharvaveda explain about Panchatatvas (five elements). These elements gave their respective colours. Earth- green, Air-yellow, Fire-Red and Water-blue, Colors have a profound effect on us at all levels physical, mental and emotional. The universal lighters sun, the sunrays have seven colours those have universally accepted and proved by scientists they are VIBGYOR (Violet, Indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red). Chromotherapy is a narrowband in the cosmic electromagnetic energy spectrum, known to humankind as the visible color spectrum, it is composed of reds, green, blue and their combined derivatives, producing the perceivable colours that fall between the ultraviolet and the infrared ranges of energy or, vibrations. These visual colors with their unique wavelength and oscillations, when combined with a light source and selectively applied to impaired organs or life systems, provide the necessary healing energy. Colour and Healing 1. Life is colour-each organ has a specific colour 2 . Each colour has intelligence and polarity 3 . Each colour knows its functional role and it works selectively 4 . Each colour does its knock individually and collectively 5 . The right colour is the night food in the right place at the right time. Classification of Colours Colors are classified into two types they are: 1. Primary colour 2.

INTRODUCTION Mud therapy is one of the major treatments in the field of naturopathy, it is defined means as To improve the bodily health by treating various ailments using mud.Mud is a soft, sticky matter consisting of mixed earth and water. Mud therapy is used to promote strength and energy in the body improve the immune system and excretes the foreign matter from body. Characteristics of Mud 1 . It retains moisture and coolness for longer period. 2 . It is rich in minerals and natural chemicals. 3 . The cool moisture in the mud relaxes the pores of skin, drains the blood to the surface relieves inner congestion and pain and promotes heat radiation. 4 . The mineral property of the mud removes bad odour from the body. 5 . Mud has the capacity of keeping clean and hygiene environment and it has dissolving power. Mode of Application Therapeutic application of Mud is divided into two types: 1 . Direct method 2 . Indirect method Direct Method The sterilized, disinfectant, well grinded mud is applied to the body surface without any medium, it is divided into two types: 1 . Local mud applications 2. Full mud bath or general mud bath 3 . Herbal mud applications Local Mud Application Mud is applies directly to skin surface of a particular area of body i.e., abdomen, knee, shoulder, forehead, etc. Duration: 20 to 30 minutes Full Mud Bath Full mud bath is one of the most effective treatment, application of the mud to the whole body from toe to head.

INTRODUCTION Wet mud sedimented for thousands of years in salt lake is called ooze. Ooze is rich in organic matters such as humic acid, edible salt bacterial and salt alga, etc. The salt alga contains rich, structure unique and physiologically active preliminary and second metabolite. These physiologically active matters show a good future of application in prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancers and radiation resistance, in addition to natural a carrot element the powder of salt contains many kinds of physiological active matters such as amylose and unsaturated fatty acid and many kinds of mineral needed to human body. The main nutritious elements contained in salt alga are shown in form. These microbes contain rich natural a carrot element amylose, many kinds of amino acid and nutritious matters such as latein and zeaxanthin. They can enter human body through skin during ooze baths. These microbes are easily absorbable can improve immunity of human body and strengthen constitutions and solve the problem of lacking vitamin A. They can inhibit the growth of bacterial improve the metabolism of skin cells promote cell vitality, regulate the metabolism of fat and facilitate the excretion of toxic matters through kin caused by trouble of fat metabolism with functions of removing toxin in the body and intestines and effectively correcting the incretion disorder of body they have many function such as alleviation of chloasma, acne, and age pigment, facilitation of hair growth, and prevent kerati- nization of follicle, they can also prevent skin from being dry, keep elasticity, luster and radiance of skin. Due to its high content of superoxides (SOD), they effectively remove free radicals in the body, delay aging process of body, improve normali- zation of body function, strengthen cell vitality, promote metabolism of body, delay atrophy of sex gland and prevent arteriosclerosis. Curative Effect of Ooze Owing to its high content of gel, organic matters and trace element, the mack mud of the ooze of salt lake possesses stickiness and plasticity, with many features such as low heat conductivity, slow heat radiance, and long temperature-keeping time.

INTRODUCTION Heliotherapy -He-li-o-therapy (Helio+therapy) The word Helio means sunlight. Heliotherapy is defined as the treatment of disease by exposing the body to sunlight. Helio- therapy is the treatment of disease by means of the suns electromagnetic waves Issac Newton showed that gram of white sunlight when passes through a prism, split into a band of colors called the spectrum. It range from red on its one extreme through orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo to violet swift like a rainbow, he provides that the white light of sun is composed of seven colors, violet and mid and near ultraviolet waves are used whether collectively or independently to treat and cure everything from ace or pain. Heliotherapy is the only known cure fore seasonal effective disorder a cyclic mood disorder caused by sunlight deprivation during fall and winter months. Sun is a vast and self inflammable star. Its diameter is 13 lakhs 80 thousand km difference from earth 13 crowers and 80 lakhs km, the sun complete its rotation on its axils in 25 days, outer part of its photosphere its temperature 6000 degree C inner part of sun is ionosphere its temperature 2, 00, 00,000°C. The sun is only source of heat and light to our earth. These healing powers that even chronic disease can be treated these rays also provide nutrition to the body and make it strong and healthy. History of Heliotherapy 1 . The suns healing and health giving properties were appreciated by ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Persian and Indian who worshipped it. 2 . Hippocrates the father of medicine practiced sun cure in Greek, the Greeks and Romans built Solaria or sun balconies in there country villas 3 . Light institute for the photo treatment in Denmark (1893) explains about bactericidal actions of solar ultraviolet energy and healing of wounds with visible light. TYPES OF SUNBA TH General Sunbath (direct sunbath) 1 . General sunbath is popular nowadays in western countries they practices in sea shore on the banks of rivers.

INTRODUCTION Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils from healing purposes. The word aroma in aroma- therapy is misleading because essential oils are not solely used as inhalants. They can also be massaged into the skin or even taken orally (although this is less common). Whether inhaled, absorbed or ingested, essential oils gaining new attention as alternative treatment for infections, stress and other health problems. Essential Oil The essential oils are aromatic essences extracted from plants, flowers, trees, fruits, bark, grasses and seeds with distinctive therapeutic, psychological, and physiological properties, which improve and prevent illness. Apart from their sensuous vapors, which provide the fragrance in many perfumes, they can be used in the bath, smoothed over the body. Essential oils can penetrate the skin more effectively than vegetable oil. Essential oils are composed of tiny molecules which are easily dissolved in alcohol, emulsifiers and, particularly, fats. This allows them to penetrate the skin easily and work into the body by mixing with the fatty tissue, as these volatile essences evaporate they are also in hated, thus entering the body via the millions of sensitive cells that line the nasal passage. These send messages straight to the brain, and affect the emotions by working on the limbic system, which also controls the major functions of the body. Thus in an aromatherapy treatment the essential oil are able to enhance both your physical and psychological cell being at the same time. History of Aromatherapy 1 . Aromatherapy had been around for 6000 years or more. The Greeks, Romans, and ancient Egyptians all used aromatherapy oils. 2 . The Egyptian physician Imhotep recom- mended fragrant oils for bathing, massage, and for embalming their dead nearly 6000 years ago. Imhotep is the Egyptian god of medicine and healing. 3 . Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, used aromatherapy baths and scented massage. He used aromatic fumigations to rid Athens of the plague. 4 .

226 Alternative Therapies for Medical Professionals INTRODUCTION Our human hands have all the healing power in the world Rig-Veda 2:37 Definitions 1 . Massage is the scientific and systematic manipulation of the tissue of the body. 2 . The scientific manipulation of the soft tissues of the body, as apart from mere rubbing. 3. The hand motions practices on the surface of the living body with a therapeutic goal. Author offers the following definition for therapeutic massage 1 . Massage is the scientific, rhythmic, conscious manipulation of the body for therapeutic purposes. 2 . The scientific mode of treating certain form of a disease by systematic manipulations. HISTORY OF MASSAGE The modern French words masser (verb) and massage (noun) could have derives from any of three original root, namely the Hebrew word mashesh, the Arabic word mass, or the Greek word massin, although obviously French in origin, masseur and masseuse (female) have come into the English language to denote those who practice massage, by the early 1780 the word massage was used in India and it appears in most European cultures around 1800. At the time of Hwang Ti, the yellow Emperor (died in 2599 B.C) the great Chinese medical work knows as the Neichang was written (about 2760 B.C) this work contains details descriptions of massage like procedures and a great many details of their use. During the Tong dynasty (619-907 AD) four Primary kinds of medical practitioners were recognized physicians, acupuncturist, masse- urs and exercises. Massage is describes in one of ancient Indias first great medical writings; the Ayurvedic books of Wisdom (about 1800 B.C). In 460-380 B.C Hippocrates who was a student of Herodicus used of Friction techniques to treat sprains and dislocation. In 100-44 B.C Romans, Julius caeaser use massage therapy to relieve his neuralgia and epileptic seizures.