ABSTRACT

Dear Friends,

With the current issue of our Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society (JIOS), I as an editor have reached on a personal frontier, wherein either I get honored to continue the future trends in Indian orthodontics with you as your editor or hand over the baton to a more competent commander of this fabled starship enterprise at IOS, Kolkata. The decision is yours and I abide by it at all times.

ABSTRACT

The dynamic aspect of the oral cavity, i.e. muscle tissue, cannot be excluded from consideration, as the bony foundation which supports the teeth is powered and remodeled by muscles.

Aims and objectives: The study was to correlate the thickness and activity of masseter, temporalis, orbicularis oris and mentalis muscles with craniofacial morphology in high angle, low angle cases with that of normal angle cases.

Materials and methods: For selection of sample, the lateral cephalograms were taken in natural head position and 14 craniofacial parameters were analyzed for each subject and accordingly divided into high, low and normal angle cases. Ultrasonographic and electromyographic study were carried out for all subjects.

Results: Statistical analysis of results showed that there exist significant differences in cross-sectional thickness and activity of masseter muscle. It was more in low angle cases and less in high angle cases.

Conclusion: A positive correlation was found between masseter muscle thickness and activity with cephalometric parameters like-OB, PFH and RH and negative correlation was found with ADH, i to MP, TFH and LFH.

Keywords: Cephalometry, Ultrasonography, Electromyography, High angle, Low angle.

How to cite this article: Verulkar AA, Kohli VS, Kamble RH, Hazarey PV, Walia C, Wankhade SB. Evaluation of Cross-sectional Thickness and Activity of Masseter, Temporalis, Orbicularis Oris and Mentalis Muscles in Normal, High and Low Angle Cases and Its Correlation with Craniofacial Morphology. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014;48(4):511-517.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 9/7/14

Accepted after revision: 24/7/14

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The aims of present study were to evaluate nickel and chromium ions concentrations in salivary and serum samples from patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances and their possible influences on hepatic enzymes.

Materials and methods: Saliva and blood samples were collected from 36 patients ranging in age from 12 to 24 years. Three samples of saliva and two samples of blood were obtained. First saliva and blood samples were collected before inserting fixed appliances. Second salivary samples were collected at 1 week, third salivary sample and second blood sample after 4 weeks of appliance insertion. Serum was prepared by centrifuging blood samples at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. Spectrophotometric determinations were carried out using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Results and conclusion: In serum, significant increase in Ni and Cr ion concentration occurred in samples collected after 4 weeks. In saliva samples, nickel and chromium reached their highest lavels in first week. Mean liver function enzymes SGOT and SGPT were also significantly increased in 4 weeks. Fixed orthodontic appliances release measurable amount of nickel and chromium when placed in mouth, but this increase does not reach toxic levels for nickel and chromium in saliva and serum to cause harmful effects in human beings.

Keywords: Nickel, Chromium, Fixed orthodontics, Hepatic enzymes.

How to cite this article: Satija A, Sidhu MS, Grover S, Malik V, Yadav P, Diwakar R. Evaluation of Salivary and Serum Concentration of Nickel and Chromium Ions in Orthodontic Patients and Their Possible Influence on Hepatic Enzymes: An in vivo Study. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014;48(4):518-524.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 11/7/14

Accepted after revision: 6/8/14

ABSTRACT

Objective: Aims of the study were to measure the thickness of masseter muscle in both males and females of different growth pattern and then to evaluate the relation of thickness of masseter muscle with different growth pattern in both genders.

Materials and methods: This was a double-blind study conducted on 40 subjects in the age range of 15 to 24 years consisting of twenty females and twenty males selected for the study based on clinical examination. However four subjects which included four male subjects refused to undergo ultrasonography. Therefore, only thirty-six subjects were undergone ultrasonography. Their ultrasonography was done to measure the masseter muscle thickness. Lateral cephalograms taken to assess their growth pattern. Based on the growth pattern, the subjects were divided into three groups hypodivergents, normodivergents and hyperdivergents and their relation to muscle thickness was evaluated.
A null hypothesis was formulated after beginning of study and it was assumed that masseter muscle thickness have no correlation with growth pattern.

Results: The results showed significantly (<0.05) thicker muscle mass in hypodivergent subjects as compared to normodivergents (<0.01) and hyperdivergents (<0.001) but not between normodivergents and hyperdivergents (>0.05) in both normal and clenched position. Thicker muscle mass was found on the right side as compared to the left side in both males and females whereas gender wise thicker muscle mass was found in males as compared to females. Females showed more variation in muscle thickness values.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that hypodivergent subjects have thickest masseter muscle thickness whereas hyperdivergents have thinnest muscle mass. Males have thicker muscle mass as compared to females. Hence, masseter muscle thickness can be an important predictor of growth pattern and ultrasonography a noninvasive means for assessing muscle thickness. Thus, the null hypothesis assumed in the beginning, of study was rejected.

Keywords: Masseter muscle thickness, Growth pattern, Ultrasonography.

How to cite this article: Singh RK, Verma SK, Maheshwari S, Singh G, Ansar J, Choudhary PK, Kanan S. Evaluation of Masseter Muscle Thickness and Its Relation with Mandibular Growth Pattern: An Ultrasonographic Study. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014;48(4):525-529.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 26/6/14

Accepted after revision: 4/8/14

ABSTRACT

Introduction: One of the modifications with the headgear over the years has been in replacing the extraoral elastics which undergo rapid force degradation over time with spring-based modules thus reducing patient inconvenience. Studies, in the past, have compared the force degradation of various coil spring materials used intraorally for tooth movement but a quantitative characterization of the orthopedic force modules has not been reported. Thus, the present study aims to know the level of force degradation in nickel-titanium (NiTi) spring-based orthopedic force modules with time, and compare them with stainless steel (SS) modules.

Materials and methods: Sixty force modules: 20 NiTi and 40 (20 each from 2 companies) SS spring-based, were tested for the force degradation over a period of 3 months after dividing the sample on the basis of initial force exerted into two Groups (A and B). The springs were mounted on a customized rack for 16 hours per day to simulate headgear wear by the patient.

Results: Significantly greater force degradation was observed after 1 week compared to the subsequent time intervals by all the force modules except the NiTi set in Group A (300 gm initial force) where the degradation was found to be greater after 1 month. Higher initial activation of the force modules resulted in a greater force degradation at all time intervals.

Conclusion: NiTi force modules exerted more constant force compared to the SS modules. Force characteristics of ‘similar’ force modules from different manufacturers varied.

Keywords: NiTi spring orthopedic force modules, SS spring orthopedic force modules, Force degradation.

How to cite this article: Nakra O, Sharma V, Soni P. Force Characteristics of Nickel-Titanium Spring-based Orthopedic Modules. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014;48(4):530-536.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 7/6/14

Accepted after Revision: 10/10/14

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Comparative evaluation of facial harmony in Class I and II malocclusion using patients frontal cephalogram and photograph.

Materials and methods: Frontal photographs and frontal cephalogram of 94 subjects (25 males and 69 females) with Class I and II malocclusion, between the age group of 13 to 25 years, were obtained. Values were statistically analyzed to assess the facial harmony in the patients.

Results: The various facial parameters of horizontal plane, mandibular morphology, linear measurements, maxillomandibular relation using Grummons analysis and photographic analysis including facial width, gonial width and gonial angle on right and left side were compared. The study showed mild asymmetry of face in Class I and II subjects with larger right side than on the left side.

Conclusion: All subjects showed mild skeletal asymmetry with consistent right side dominance. Present study clearly indicated that asymmetries are much higher in subjects with malocclusion which demands the attention during the diagnosis and treatment planning in patients with facial asymmetries.

Keywords: Facial asymmetry, Class II, Cephalogram.

How to cite this article: Mishra H, Shivaprakash G, Maurya RK. Assessment of Facial Asymmetry in Various Malocclusion: A Comparative Analysis. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014;48(4):537-545.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 13/4/14

Accepted after Revision: 15/5/14

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The objective of the study was to evaluate the percentage of force degradation of elastomeric chains, NiTi closed coil spring and stainless steel closed coil spring at different time intervals in different media.

Materials and methods: Three types of space closing auxiliaries, such as elastomeric chains, NiTi closed coil springs and stainless steel coil springs immersed in artificial saliva, alcohol-free mouthrinse (Colgate plax) and alcohol-containing mouthrinse (Listerine) at time interval of 1, 4, 7,14, 21 and 28 days were divided into nine groups of 15 each: Group I- 15 polyurethane elastomeric chain immersed inside artificial saliva (Control). Group II-15 polyurethane elastomeric chain immersed inside alcohol-free mouthrinse. Group III- 15 polyurethane elastomeric chain immersed inside alcoholcontaining mouthrinse. Group IV-15 stainless steel closed coil springs immersed inside artificial saliva (Control). Group V- 15 stainless steel closed coil springs immersed inside alcoholfree mouthrinse. Group VI-15 stainless steel closed coil springs immersed inside alcohol-containing mouthrinse. Group VII- 15 NiTi closed coil springs immersed inside artificial saliva (Control). Group VIII-15 nickel titanium closed coil springs immersed inside alcohol-free mouthrinse. Group IX- 15 NiTi closed coil springs immersed inside alcohol-containing mouthrinse. The percentage of force degradation was measured with the universal testing machine.

Results: The force produced by elastomeric chain, stainless steel closed coil spring and NiTi closed coil spring at seven time intervals in artificial saliva, alcohol-free mouthwash and alcohol-containing mouthwash showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The force degradation in alcohol-containing mouthwash solution (Listerine) is more as compared to alcoholfree mouthwash solution (Colgate plax).

Keywords: Force degradation, Listerine, Colgate plax.

How to cite this article: Mahajan V, Singla A, Negi A, Jaj HS, Bhandari V. Influence of Alcohol and Alcohol-free Mouthrinses on Force Degradation of Different Types of Space Closure Auxiliaries used in Sliding Mechanics. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014; 48(4):546-551.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 25/6/14

Accepted after revision: 17/7/14

ABSTRACT

Delayed eruption of a permanent tooth is one of the commonest orthodontic problems requiring surgical intervention. Maxillary central incisor impaction is not rare in orthodontic practice, the frequency ranges from 0.06 to 0.2%. Orthosurgical guidance of impacted incisor is a clinical challenge in young patients. Successful management depends on early diagnosis, careful treatment planning and periodic reviews during orthodontic guidance of impacted tooth. Surgical exposure and orthodontic guidance offers a complete treatment for an impacted tooth. Present case series discuss the orthosurgical management of bilaterally impacted permanent maxillary central incisors with good pleasing appearances of erupted teeth having good interproximal contact, good width of attached gingiva and gingival contour.

Keywords: Impacted incisors, Surgical exposure, Orthodontic guidance.

How to cite this article: Datana S, Kumar P, Londhe SM. Orthosurgical Management of Bilaterally Impacted Permanent Maxillary Central Incisors: Report of Two Cases. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014;48(4):552-556.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 11/5/14

Accepted after revision: 24/6/14

ABSTRACT

Acute dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a relatively common occurrence; chronic long-term dislocation is rare. Variance in the duration of dislocation and anatomical considerations make the treatment for long-standing dislocation complex and controversial. This case report describes a new method of conservative management of a long-standing TMJ dislocation using orthodontic mini-implants.

Keywords: Temporomandibular, Dislocation, Orthodontic miniimplants.

How to cite this article: Dahiya A, Singh G, Shanker D, Jaglan P, Chahar M. Orthodontic Mini-implants for Treatment of Longterm Anterior Dislocation of Temporomandibular Joint. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014;48(4):557-560.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 14/2/14

Accepted after revision: 3/3/14

ABSTRACT

Patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate have premaxillary displacement in up to three dimensions. Management of the protruding premaxilla and prolabium in bilateral cleft lip and palate can be a confounding problem. This report introduces an appliance system devised to retract and intrude the protruding premaxilla to a more favorable position for the surgeon to achieve a more functional and cosmetic repair of cleft palate deformity.

Keywords: Cleft lip and palate, Intrusion, Retraction.

How to cite this article: Phadkule SS, Shivaprakash G, Kumar GA, Shamnur N. Customized Appliance for Intrusion and Retraction of Premaxilla in Bilateral Cleft Palate Patient. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014;48(4):561-565.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 23/9/14

Accepted after revision: 27/9/14

ABSTRACT

Tooth rotation is one of the problems among the eruption disturbances which poses greater difficulty for correction. There are various methods for the correction of tooth rotation. For rotation correction, pure couple is required, but till date, none of the mechanics provides pure couple and all have some translatory vector involved in them. Here a newly developed technique for rotation correction, which solely provides pure couple to derotate the tooth, is being discussed, and is based on the natural organization of gingival circular fibers.

Keywords: Rotation correction, Bracket piece, Elastic thread, Pure couple.

How to cite this article: Shastri D, Tandon P, Singh GP, Singh A. A New Rotation Correction Technique: Technique Clinic. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014;48(4):566-569.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 13/7/14

Accepted after revision: 6/8/14

ABSTRACT

The use of the twin block appliance along with fixed orthodontic appliances sometimes may pose appliance retention problems. The tube retention clasp (TRC) has been designed to improve the retention of the functional appliance by achieving retention from buccal tubes.

Keywords: Tube retention, Twin block, Buccal tube, Clasp.

How to cite this article: Singh R, Chugh AS, Bhullar M. Tube Retention Clasp. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014;48(4):570-572.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 7/5/14

Accepted after revision: 7/6/14

ABSTRACT

Fixed functional appliances (FFAs) have gained the popularity for growth modification in noncompliant patients, especially hybrid types. But for this, clinicians have to depend on certain commercially available appliances; otherwise components required in fabrication of hybrid type appliances are not routinely available in clinics, which discourage their use. Additionally, these preformed appliances have less scope in changing their length as per patient’s requirement of particular mandibular advancement. This article explains the chairside fabrication of hybrid type FFA named ‘sharma’s bite corrector appliance’ (SBCA). This custom-made and hygienic design provides stable fixation, less breakages with increased range of mandibular movement involving unrestricted mouth opening. SBCA permits quick chairside fabrication with ease in installation of appliance and is inexpensive.

Keywords: Fixed functional appliance, Class II correction, Mandibular advancement, Growth modification, Fatigue resistant device, SBCA.

How to cite this article: Sharma NS, Sharma P, Shrivastav S, Kamble R, Sharma K. Sharma’s Bite Corrector Appliance. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014;48(4):573-577.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 19/3/14

Accepted after revision: 4/6/14

ABSTRACT

Ergonomics is the way to work smarter and not harder, by designing tools, equipments, work stations so that the task fits to the operator and not vice versa. Lingual orthodontics entails long chair side time, working in indirect vision. The technique requires use of tools bimanually thus hand held mouth mirror becomes more of a handicap and there is always a need to have better indirect vision. Our postdoctoral research work in ergonomics has had an innovative outcome wherein we have devised a method using custom designed mirrors cut in the shape of lower metal stock tray and used by mounting them on those trays for full arch view of maxillary lingual aspect. This ensures upright posture and thus reduced lower back pain and discomfort.

Keywords: Ergonomics, Indirect vision, Custom mirrors, Lower back pain.

How to cite this article: Rai D, Khanna GL. Ergonomic Challenge of Lingual Orthodontics: An Innovative Solution. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014;48(4):578-579.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 9/7/14

Accepted after revision: 1/8/14

ABSTRACT

Skeletal Class II malocclusion is a condition exhibiting either maxillary excess or mandibular deficiency or a combination of both. Various treatment approaches for correcting skeletal Class II malocclusions due to mandibular deficiency include functional appliance therapy, orthodontic camouflage and orthognathic surgery. Among these, timely treatment with functional appliances is considered the most effective treatment option in growing subjects. The purpose of present paper is to describe an efficient myofunctional corrector, ‘the Super cusp’, which allows occlusal settling, gives better comfort and is esthetically pleasing compared to any other functional appliances.

Keywords: Class II division I malocclusion, Myofunctional appliance, Palatal embrasures, Super cusp.

How to cite this article: Kurian B, Chacko T, Puthalath MS, Soans CR, Sebastian J. The Super Cusp: A Patient Friendly Myofunctional Corrector. J Ind Orthod Soc 2014;48(4):580-586.

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Received on: 25/4/14

Accepted after revision: 4/6/14